Treatment plants are combination of engineering structures in the sewer system of a certain settlement, industrial enterprise, etc. They perform the function of waste water cleaning from any contamination. Treated waste water can be used in the production or simply go down to the water. Usually, all cleaning procedures of industrial wastewater are first done on the local sewage treatment plants. Here, the concentration of reduced contaminants are removed and water recycled, if appropriate, and water is prepared for treatment at general facilities. After the water is cleaned at the general facilities, it can be used again. Sometimes recycled water, without thorough cleaning, goes down into the drain or water. The composition of sewage treatment facilities could include equipment of biological, mechanical, physical, chemical, and further cleaning.
TYPES OF LOCAL TREATMENT FACILITIES
Mechanical cleaning facilities remove up to 75 percent of impurities from water, such as sand, grease, mineral impurities, petroleum products, etc. Through filters, surfaced insoluble substances are removed, which are crushed and go again into the water or else processed together with the precipitate. There are also special sand traps exist that trap sand or other mineral impurities. Hydroelevator moves sand to the special facilities. Insoluble materials usually remain in septic tanks and ponds. In order to remove compounds, that have a similar density to the density of water, for example, fats and oils, grease traps, oil traps or skimmers can be used.
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT FACILITIES ALLOW TO REMOVE UP TO 90-95 PERCENT OF COLLOIDS AND SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES
Within the chemical purification method, the waste water is injected with certain reagents that convert a substance into flakes that settle. The set of physicochemical water treatment plants includes:
- Machines for manufacturing and dispensing reagents;
- Mixers, mixing the waste water and the reagent;
- Reaction chamber to form flakes;
- Sediment stopping solids and heavy compounds.
There is not only the reagent cleaning method stands out among physicochemical methods, but also oxidation, electrochemical method, hyperfiltration, and others. After biological treatment, it is sometimes necessary to have an additional stage, which is used chemical treatment at, filtration and other methods to ensure removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic substances.
Decontamination or disinfection is the final step in all the wastewater treatment system. It is performed using chlorine, that affects bacterial contamination, which is still in the water. Then there are used such structures as the contact tanks and chlorinators.
The precipitate, that remains after cleaning the water, gives off an unpleasant odor, dries badly and can be dangerous in terms of sanitation. Though, facilities for disposal and sludge treatment designed to clean it of these negative features. These are vacuum filters, septics, digesters, filter presses, bunk septic tanks, centrifuges and sludge beds.
RAINWATER AND STORMWATER SEWERAGE
If it is needed to clean stormwater runoff, to bring the storm water quality to a level that will meet the standards, the special treatment facilities are set. Such a treatment will produce discharges into the roadside cuvette, drains or directly into the water.
TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ WATER
Such treatment facilities are used to cleanse the waters that come from gas stations, milk factories, meat processing plants, food processing enterprises. They are designed to remove oil, petroleum products, fats, suspended solids. In this area, may be applied such a wastewater treatment system as a flotation-filtration unit and horizontal laminar flotators. For enhancing performance and efficiency, there are often floatators being used as a middle or final link.
WASTEWATER DISINFECTION BY ULTRAVIOLET
Ultraviolet deactivates fungus, viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms. There is no need to use the reagent method. It can be used in conjunction with purifying filters or independently. This method is usually used for disinfection of drinking water in the pharmaceutical and food industry (restaurants, cottages, hotels, hospitals, laboratories, etc.), of domestic and artesian waters.
GREASE TRAPS USE
Grease traps are designed to remove and capture various non-emulsified oils and fats from the waters that are sent to the treatment plant. Such devices are installed in restaurants and cafes, in kitchens at enterprises which business activities involve polluting of runoffs. There are varieties of surface and underground grease traps.
Nowadays, our company has built several types of treatment facilities with a small capacity.
“Teplocentrstroy” performs design and construction of local treatment facilities for storm water (surface runoff), drainage and sewerage facilities.
By designing of wastewater treatment facilities, professionals of GOC Teplocentrstroy apply design solutions based on calculations in accordance with regulatory guidelines (SNIP, SP, GOST, etc.). They use in projects their own products (reservoirs and pumping stations) as well as equipment of the leading developers (WAWIN, FLOTENK, GRUNDFOS …)
When designing disposal and wastewater treatment, we use an individual approach to each project. Depending on the location and characteristics of the object, there are applied a flow purification scheme or savings with the use of the storage tank and further feed waste. Block of treatment facilities, according to their performance, applied with the products offered by manufacturers 5-100 (150).